The treatment of varicose veins on the legs with the help of medicines are not always has a positive effect. It is particularly difficult to cure the varicose veins, if it is in a terminal phase. In this case, surgery is the only possibility to eliminate the pathology. For many people, the operation appears terrible to the procedure, that is why they have a long time fear of going to the doctor, based on the forms of treatment. The disease continues to progress, and the patient's condition to deteriorate.
When must you do?
The operation of varicose veins of the lower limbs is awarded in the following cases:
- if the subcutaneous veins of increased physiological consequence of the pathology;
- if the disease is in the terminal phase, when the treatment of varicose veins medicines or folk remedies do not help;
- during the formation of ulcers in the food chain on the pidermes;
- if violations occur vascular and blood flow as a result of which the patient experiences fatigue, the fatigue quickly, feeling pain and heaviness in the legs;
- if we form a thrombophlebitis acute;
- if you encounter any lesions, trophic skin.
For some patients, surgery of varicose veins on the legs may be contra-indicated. The factors that prevent the holding of a surgical intervention, are the following:
- high blood pressure;
- serious infectious diseases;
- coronary artery disease;
- the patient's age (over 70 years);
- skin diseases – eczema, erysipelas, inflammation, etc;
- the second half of the duration of the pregnancy.
The operation is the most effective and safest treatment option of varicose veins. An experienced doctor will be able to quickly eliminate a pathology, and the patient is back to normal life, without experiencing the suffering caused to him by the disease.
Types of intervention
View of the intervention is determined based on the individual characteristics of the development of the disease. Some types of operations, suitable for one person may not suit another. Before assigning it to the operation, the doctor examines the form of the disease, the symptoms, as well as the risk of developing complications.
Surgical
The best part of a long and complex process, associated with a high probability of developing complications, is phlebectomy, the removal of varicose veins. It is prescribed only in cases, when other treatments are not able to have a positive effect. During this operation in the groin area of the patient are small (3 5 mm) incisions, through the vein up to the point where she throws herself in a deep vein, and then it is dissected and draw feet using probes. After the deletion of vienna on the space of incisions impose the resolution of seams. The operation lasts from 1 to 2 hours, the patient is in the hospital not more than a day, and then come to the house. A variant of the phlebectomy is a procedure such as phlebectomy, where on the body are not cuts, and punctures. This method allows to perform the operation with less injury to the skin, and reduce the period of rehabilitation. Pickling – another type of surgical treatment of varicose veins. In the framework of this procedure did not originate all of vienna completely, but only a small part of it, who has suffered from varicose veins. The removal is performed through punctures in the skin, which helps to avoid stitches.
The hardening
Less traumatic method of intervention is considered sclerotherapy. It lies in the fact that, with the help of ultrasound, determined by the exact position of the extent of the vein into which is injected a particular substance (sclerosant). This substance is glue dead blood vessels, preventing the flow of blood on him. After this operation, place the patient vienna is formed by the scar tissue, disappear in the swelling. The patient cease to torment the severity and pain in the legs, and there were ulcers trophic, they heal quickly. Sclerotherapy is of two kinds:
- The echo-guided sclerotherapy. This operation apply in this case, if the diameter of the veins affected has reached 1 cm and more. First, the veins are interviewed using a special device – two-sided scanner, then under its control product of the puncture, after which, in the vein of the introduced sclerosant. This procedure allows to reduce the diameter of the affected area of the receptacle and to restore the normal circulation of the blood on him.
- The curing of the foam. The more secure, and totally painless view of the sclerotherapy. In the affected area of the receptacle to inject the special foam, which completes and interrupts the flow of the blood inside the vessel.
For maximum effect, usually spend several procedures of sclerotherapy. Recurrence of varicose veins after it almost never happens.
Laser Photocoagulation
The surgery to remove the varicose veins on legs laser is considered the most technologically advanced for the control of varicose veins and helps to eliminate pathological varicose veins in 90% of patients. In this procedure, the tissue sections are made, which eliminates the cosmetic defects. By a puncture in the skin injected shaft of laser light, which emits light waves. Under their action happens to the dissolution of the patient's vessel. This method is characterized by a low number of relapses and accidents for the education of varicose veins occur only 5% of patients. It can be used in difficult cases, when the streaks reach large sizes.
The possible consequences and the state in the postoperative period
Almost all of the types of operations carried out to eliminate the varicose veins of the legs, safely, and cause complications in very rare cases. The greater likelihood of complications and severe rehabilitation to occur during the stripping and phlebectomy. In the district, a distance of vienna can occur from hematoma, and sometimes incisions may flow the blood, because nearby are other tributaries of the vein. At the end of 2-3 days after the operation, some patients may increase temperature. This occurs because of aseptic inflammatory processes in the blood that accumulates under the skin. If accumulated in the blood will be a lot, on the veins may form lumps, painful to the touch. If the skin is at the top of clots, has acquired a reddish tint, so began bacterial inflammation. In this case, you need emergency hospitalization. Other possible complications after the operation may be:
- Numbness of the skin, the sensation of pain. They occur in this case, if, during the operation were damaged by the nerve endings. With time, the pain disappears and the sensitivity of the skin to recover.
- Bruises. Form during the phlebectomy, because it is a fairly traumatic operation. After a certain period of time, usually not more than a month, they disappear completely. During the minimally invasive treatment (sclerotherapy or laser photocoagulation), the blue almost never stay.
- Of the swelling. They can appear, if the patient is not following the instructions of the physician in the postoperative period, a lot of not move, does not wear special clothing or to expose himself a great physical effort.
After surgery, most patients are less practicing a way of life. Due to the inactivity can produce such a dangerous phenomenon, such as thrombosis of the deep veins of the lower limbs. To prevent this, you need to do special exercises to follow a diet and take medication to prevent thrombosis.
Recommendations for the prevention of the recurrence
If the same operation on the removal of varicose veins has been performed with success, there is always the risk of re-development of the disease. The probability of recidivism was insignificant, it is necessary to observe measures of prevention:
- lead an active life – sports, most often walking in open air;
- in a sitting position it is necessary to follow the posture is flat, do not put a foot on the other, as this causes disruptions in the bloodstream through a vein;
- combat excess weight;
- moderately drinking coffee and tea;
- every morning, perform leg exercises;
- abandon too tight and narrow shoes and clothing.
Varicose veins is a disease, which, even after complete healing requires the observance of a mode of life. The measures of prevention after the operation must meet are not the first few months, any life long. Varicose veins is a disease in which a narrowing of the vessel walls of deep veins and slows the flow of blood. This disease is strongly rejuvenated in our time. It is because of a sedentary lifestyle (although the ongoing work on the feet can lead to an outbreak of the disease), the traffic only transportation, excess weight, of the ecological situation in the world, the generic predisposition to diseases of the blood, etc Early stage of varicose veins well lends itself to methods of conservative treatment. But if the disease has already gone far and continues to make progress, it is necessary to think about how to solve the problem. It is true, made a ben the ado qualified for the delete operation of the vienna, it is the guarantee of complete healing of drawing scary under health coverage. Today, these operations are performed by highly-skilled experts in the health centres, audiovisual equipment, most modern, and does the research present no danger to the life and health of the patient.
Indications for surgical intervention
The removal of veins apply in the following cases:
- extensive varicose veins, scans a large area of vienna;
- the poor extension of saphenous veins;
- strong swelling and fatigue of feet;
- pathological the violation of the flow of blood in the veins;
- trophic non-healing ulcers;
- thrombophlebitis and acute occlusion of the vein.
Limitations and contraindications
The operation is not assigned in the following cases:
- execution of the state of the varicose veins of the disease;
- hypertension of grade 3 and ischemic heart disease;
- severe inflammatory diseases, and processes;
- caterpillars of age;
- 2 and 3 trimesters of pregnancy;
- skin diseases, diseases in the acute stage (eczema, érésipèle, dermatitis, etc)
Before the operation a thorough study of the venous system of the patient, as well as the diagnosis. Emergency surgery is allocated when the obstruction of the veins, recurrent thrombophlebitis, and non-healing venous ulcers.
Means of intervention
The operation of removal of the veins of the legs may take place with the help of several modern techniques.
Phlebectomy is popular
In the early stages of the disease spend a phlebectomy. The preparation for this type of operation is the most elementary. The patient takes a shower and shaves completely the leg and the groin. It is very important that before the surgery the skin of the leg was in good health and the skin are not violated. Before the surgery, the patient cleans the intestines and are conducting research on allergic reactions to drugs. The operation lasts up to 2 hours, under local anesthesia. The removal of the saphenous vein absolutely safe for the human body. In the course of the operation can go extravascular correction of valves to restore the flow of blood. The operation begins by cutting the length of five centimeters in the groin and the length at two inches of the ankle. The other cuts are made in the big venous knots. Incisions shallow and quite narrow. Through an incision in the groin into the vein introduced venous puller (thin waffle with a round tip on the end). Using this tool, the ben the ado removes the vein affected. Then the cuts are superimposed seams, and the operation is considered complete. Of course, the leg close sterile bandage and high, imposing an elastic bandage. In 1-2 days the patient can already move independently. After phlebectomy, the patient wears stockings (or bandages) in a period of 2 months, and takes venotonics principles for the recovery of the vein. In some cases, appoint a phlebectomy, in this case, on the foot, make small incisions (under local anesthesia), which removes the damaged parts of vienna, vienna even completely.
Sclerotherapy — painless removal of varicose veins
Today, popular purchased the echo-guided sclerotherapy— treatment of varicose veins by injections. In the vein introduced the substance sclerosant, which destroys the inner layer of the vessels, after what the middle layers fuse and form the fall of vienna. This method is the most gentle, but more resistant to the effect is expected to undertake several procedures and it will take about six months for rehabilitation. This type of rapid response, as well as foam sclerotherapy can be used only in case of damage of veins of small diameter and with a large number of "spider". In the vein is introduced blowing sclerosant, the effectiveness of which increases as a result of the strong increase of the surface interaction with the inner face of the container. And in addition, because of its particular consistency of the foam for a long time delayed in the container, increasing the time of the impact of the drug on the box of vases. Therefore, when sparkling sclerotherapy number of sessions decreases significantly.
The laser phlebology
The more modern method of removal of the veins with a laser, it is intravascular laser photocoagulation. The surface of the vienna of the inside is processed by the laser through barely noticeable to a flat tire. In this case, on the foot of superimposed sterile elastic bandage and after five hours, the patient can walk alone. These two methods are considered malotravmaticheskaya and painless. The patient can go home the same day to his feet.
The possible consequences
After all, even the most gentle of the operations of removal of the veins of the legs, remain bruises, bruises and other consequences, which will be a certain time of the sentence. Shortly after the operation, it is better to sleep with the legs raised to improve blood circulation. Quite common complication after surgery is the re-development of varicose veins, if the patient has a hereditary predisposition, and he has not changed his mode of life. Very rarely damage during an operation of the neighbor of a container or of a nerve. But this complication is ruled out by a qualified technician. After the phlebectomy on the feet are the small scars.